Which of the following point is not included in the concept of curriculum:

Which of the following point is not included in the concept of curriculum: (a) Curriculum is a formal course of action (b) Curriculum includes activities and sciences (c) Curriculum is confined to textual content (d) Curriculum experiences includes learning ✅ Correct Option: (c) Curriculum is confined to textual content Explanation: The modern concept of curriculum is broad, dynamic, and comprehensive, and it is not confined merely to textbooks or written content. Earlier, curriculum was mistakenly viewed as only a list of subjects or textual material taught in classrooms. However, contemporary educational thinkers strongly reject this narrow view. Curriculum now includes all planned learning experiences, both inside and outside the classroom, that contribute to the overall development of learners. Options (a), (b), and (d) accurately describe the curriculum. Curriculum is indeed a formal course of action, systematically planned to achieve educational goals. It includes activities and sciences, such as co-curricular activities, social experiences, moral training, and practical skills. Furthermore, curriculum experiences always involve learning, whether academic, social, emotional, or moral. The statement that curriculum is confined to textual content is incorrect because it ignores practical work, moral education, physical training, social interaction, and life skills. Hence, option (c) is not included in the modern concept of curriculum. 10 PPSC-Relevant Facts: 1. Curriculum is broader than textbooks 2. Includes co-curricular activities 3. Learning experiences are central 4. Curriculum is learner-centered 5. Modern curriculum is dynamic 6. Rejects rote learning only 7. Includes moral and social learning 8. Planned and purposeful 9. Focuses on total personality 10. Frequently tested MCQ