Which of the following is NOT a good theory or explanation?
Which of the following is NOT a good theory or explanation?
Options:
(a) It is parsimonious
(b) It is testable
(c) It is general enough to apply to more than one place, situation, or person
(d) All above are characteristics of good theories
✅ Correct Option: (d)
Explanation:
A good scientific theory or explanation possesses several essential characteristics. First, it should be parsimonious, meaning it explains phenomena in the simplest way without unnecessary assumptions. Second, it must be testable so that its claims can be verified or falsified through observation and experimentation. Third, a good theory should be generalizable, meaning it can apply across different situations, populations, and contexts rather than being limited to a single case. Since all the options (a), (b), and (c) describe valid characteristics of a good theory, none of them is incorrect. Therefore, option (d) correctly states that all listed characteristics are features of good theories. Scientific theories are not guesses; they are well-supported explanations grounded in evidence and logic. These qualities ensure reliability, usefulness, and scientific credibility.
10 PPSC-Oriented Facts:
- Parsimony means simplicity.
- Testability is essential for science.
- Generalization increases usefulness.
- Theories explain phenomena.
- Scientific explanations are evidence-based.
- Good theories are logical.
- Theories guide research.
- Overcomplication weakens theories.
- Science values clarity.
- Theories can be revised.