Which is not a quantitative approach?

Which is not a quantitative approach?

Options:
(a) Descriptive research
(b) Correlational research
(c) Causal-comparative research
(d) Historical research

✅ Correct Answer:

(d) Historical research

Explanation:

Historical research is primarily qualitative, focusing on the interpretation of past events, documents, and records. It examines trends, causes, and consequences to provide insights into the past. It does not primarily involve numerical measurement or statistical analysis, unlike descriptive, correlational, and causal-comparative research, which rely on quantitative data and statistical techniques.

Historical research is widely used in education, sociology, and social sciences to understand evolution of policies, curriculum, and social patterns, making it a key topic in PPSC educational research.

10 Related Facts:

1. Historical research is qualitative.
2. Uses documents, archives, and records.
3. Descriptive research is quantitative.
4. Correlational research analyzes relationships.
5. Causal-comparative examines cause-effect.
6. Quantitative research uses numerical data.
7. Historical research focuses on past events.
8. Often used in educational policy studies.
9. Provides context for modern practices.
10. Frequently tested in PPSC research methodology questions.