Which form of reasoning is the process of drawing a specific conclusion from a set of premises?

Which form of reasoning is the process of drawing a specific conclusion from a set of premises?

Options:

(a) Rationalism

(b) Deductive reasoning

(c) Inductive reasoning

(d) Probabilistic

✅ Correct Option: (b) Deductive reasoning

Explanation (200+ words):

Deductive reasoning is a logical process in which a specific conclusion is drawn from general premises or accepted truths. If the premises are true and the reasoning is valid, the conclusion must also be true. This form of reasoning moves from general principles to specific outcomes. In education and research, deductive reasoning is commonly used to test theories and hypotheses. Researchers begin with a theory, develop hypotheses, and then collect data to confirm or reject those hypotheses. Deductive reasoning is systematic, structured, and central to scientific investigation. Unlike inductive reasoning, which generates theories from observations, deductive reasoning confirms existing theories. It is especially useful in experimental research where variables are controlled and predictions are tested.

10 Related PPSC Facts:

Moves from general to specific. Used in hypothesis testing. Ensures logical certainty. Based on established theory. Common in scientific research. Top-down reasoning. Requires valid premises. Produces definite conclusions. Central to experiments. Linked with rationalism.