Which characteristic is common to Pragmatism, Naturalism and Existentialism?

Which characteristic is common to Pragmatism, Naturalism and Existentialism?

(a) Emphasis on spiritual aims of education
(b) Emphasis on the individual
(c) Emphasis on physical environment
(d) Emphasis on value education
✅ Correct option: (b) Emphasis on the individual
Explanation: All three philosophies highlight the importance of the individual learner.