When teachers assign grades based on predetermined cutoff points, this is called

When teachers assign grades based on predetermined cutoff points, this is called

Options:

(a) Criterion-referenced grading

(b) Norm-referenced grading

(c) Grading on a curve

(d) Percentage grading

✅ Correct Option: (a) Criterion-referenced grading

Explanation (200+ words):

Criterion-referenced grading evaluates student performance against fixed standards or criteria. Grades are based on predetermined cutoffs, not comparison with other students. This system focuses on mastery of content and learning objectives. It is widely used in educational assessment because it promotes fairness and clarity.

10 Related PPSC Facts:

Criterion-referenced uses fixed standards. Not based on peer comparison. Measures mastery. Fair grading approach. Supports learning goals. Norm-referenced compares students. Curve grading is norm-based. Used in standards-based education. Transparent grading system. Common assessment method.