What is the key defining characteristic of experimental research?
What is the key defining characteristic of experimental research?
Options:
(a) Extraneous variables are never present
(b) A positive correlation usually exists
(c) A negative correlation usually exists
(d) Manipulation of the independent variable
✅ Correct Option: (d) Manipulation of the independent variable
Explanation (200+ words):
The defining characteristic of experimental research is the manipulation of the independent variable. Researchers intentionally change the independent variable to observe its effect on the dependent variable. While extraneous variables may still exist, experimental designs attempt to control them as much as possible. Manipulation distinguishes experimental research from correlational and descriptive studies. This feature allows researchers to test causal hypotheses and determine whether one variable directly affects another. In educational settings, this might involve changing teaching strategies to measure learning outcomes.
10 Related PPSC Facts:
Independent variable is manipulated. Core feature of experiments. Enables causal inference. Differentiates from correlational studies. Controlled research design. Used in hypothesis testing. Supports scientific rigor. Essential for experiments. Enhances internal validity. Common in quantitative studies.