Values are created as a result of social human interactions, according to:

Values are created as a result of social human interactions, according to: (a) Existentialist philosophers (b) Idealist philosophers (c) Realist philosophers (d) Pragmatist philosophers ✅ Correct Option: (d) Pragmatist philosophers Explanation (200+ words): According to Pragmatist philosophers, values are not fixed or absolute but are created and modified through social interaction and human experience. Pragmatism emphasizes practicality, experimentation, and real-life problem-solving. Thinkers like John Dewey believed that values emerge from social life and change according to societal needs. Pragmatists reject the idea that values exist eternally (Idealism) or independently of human experience (Realism). Instead, they argue that what is “good” or “valuable” is determined by its usefulness and consequences in real situations. For example, honesty becomes a value because it helps societies function smoothly. In education, pragmatism promotes democratic classrooms, cooperative learning, and social participation. Values are learned through group activities, discussion, and experience rather than moral preaching. 10 PPSC-Relevant Facts: 1. Pragmatism emphasizes experience 2. John Dewey was a pragmatist 3. Values are dynamic 4. Learning is social 5. Democracy is central to pragmatism 6. Education prepares for life 7. Values change with society 8. Problem-solving is key 9. Rejects absolute values 10. Common PPSC philosophy MCQ