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Which term describes a sequencing effect from the order of treatment administration? (a) Carry-over effect

(b) Order effect

(c) Sequencing effects

(d) None

✅ Correct option: (b) Order effect

Explanation: Order effects occur when the sequence in which treatments are administered influences participants’ performance. These effects include practice, learning, fatigue, or boredom. For instance, participants may perform better simply because they become familiar with tasks. Carryover effects are a specific type of sequencing effect, but the general effect due to order itself is known as an order effect. Thus, order effect is the most precise answer.

10 Related PPSC Facts:

Order effects occur in repeated measures. Practice improves later performance. Fatigue reduces accuracy. Counterbalancing controls order effects. Random order reduces bias. Order effects threaten internal validity. Carryover is a subtype of order effects. Sequencing effects include multiple issues. Washout periods help control order effects. Order effects do not occur in between-subject designs.