When teachers make sure that their exams reflect the material covered during their lessons, they are concerned about:

When teachers make sure that their exams reflect the material covered during their lessons, they are concerned about:

Options:

(a) Criterion-related evidence of validity

(b) Content-related evidence of validity

(c) Construct-related evidence of validity

(d) Outcome-related evidence of validity

✅ Correct Option: (b) Content-related evidence of validity Explanation (200+ words): Content-related evidence of validity refers to the extent to which a test adequately represents the subject matter and instructional objectives taught during a course. When teachers ensure that exam questions reflect the material covered in lessons, they are focusing on content validity. This type of validity is especially important in classroom assessments because students expect to be tested on what they have been taught. If exams include irrelevant or untaught material, students may perform poorly despite adequate preparation. Teachers often use a table of specifications or blueprint to ensure proper coverage of topics and cognitive levels. Content validity ensures fairness, improves learning outcomes, and strengthens the credibility of assessment results. It also helps align teaching, learning, and evaluation.

10 Related PPSC Facts:

Content validity matches syllabus coverage. Ensured through test blueprints. Essential for teacher-made tests. Reduces student anxiety. Improves fairness in exams. Aligns objectives with assessment. Checked by subject experts. Prevents overemphasis on one topic. Supports meaningful learning. Commonly tested in PPSC exams