Trial and error method for learning was adopted by:

Trial and error method for learning was adopted by: Options: (a) Thorndike (b) Rousseau (c) Froebel (d) John Dewey ✅ Correct Answer: (a) Thorndike Explanation: The trial and error method of learning was proposed by Edward L. Thorndike, an American psychologist known for his work in educational psychology. Thorndike conducted experiments on animals, particularly cats, using puzzle boxes. Through these experiments, he observed that learning occurs gradually by making repeated attempts and eliminating incorrect responses. Thorndike formulated the Law of Effect, which states that responses followed by satisfaction are more likely to be repeated, while those followed by discomfort are less likely to occur. This principle laid the foundation for behaviorist learning theories. The trial and error method emphasizes practice, reinforcement, and repetition. It is widely applied in skill learning, such as mathematics problem-solving and language learning. Other philosophers like Rousseau, Froebel, and Dewey contributed to educational thought but did not propose the trial and error learning theory. Thus, the correct answer is Thorndike. 10 Related Facts: 1. Thorndike was a behaviorist. 2. Trial and error involves repeated attempts. 3. Law of Effect explains learning. 4. Reinforcement strengthens learning. 5. Used in skill development. 6. Based on animal experiments. 7. Learning is gradual. 8. Incorrect responses are eliminated. 9. Influenced modern education. 10. Frequently asked in PPSC psychology MCQs.