This type of validity refers to the ability to generalize results across settings.

This type of validity refers to the ability to generalize results across settings. (a) Temporal validity

(b) Internal validity

(c) Ecological validity

(d) External validity

✅ Correct option: (c) Ecological validity

Explanation:

Ecological validity is concerned with whether research findings can be generalized across different environments, settings, or contexts. For example, results obtained in a laboratory setting should ideally apply to real-world classrooms, workplaces, or social situations. If a teaching strategy works only in controlled conditions but fails in real classrooms, ecological validity is weak. Researchers enhance ecological validity by conducting field studies, using realistic tasks, and minimizing artificial conditions. Temporal validity relates to generalization over time, while internal validity concerns cause-and-effect relationships. External validity is broader and includes ecological validity as one of its components. Therefore, ecological validity is the correct choice.

10 Related PPSC Facts:

Ecological validity is part of external validity. Field experiments have higher ecological validity. Lab studies often lack realism. Natural settings enhance generalization. Participant behavior changes in artificial settings. Classroom research improves ecological validity. Real-life tasks increase relevance. Simulation reduces artificiality. Cultural context affects ecology. Ecological validity improves applicability.