Theory X & Theory Y for effective administration was developed by:
Theory X & Theory Y for effective administration was developed by:
(a) Taylor
(b) Weber
(c) McGregor
(d) Gulick
✅ Correct Option:
(c) McGregor
Explanation:
Douglas McGregor developed Theory X and Theory Y, which describe two contrasting assumptions about human behavior at work. These theories are widely used in educational and organizational administration. Theory X assumes that employees are lazy, avoid responsibility, dislike work, and must be controlled or threatened to perform effectively. Managers following this theory rely on strict supervision and authoritarian leadership. Theory Y, on the other hand, assumes that employees are self-motivated, enjoy work, seek responsibility, and can exercise self-direction if properly motivated. Administrators adopting Theory Y encourage participation, trust, and creativity. In educational institutions, Theory Y is considered more effective because teachers perform better when they are trusted, motivated, and involved in decision-making. McGregor emphasized that management style should be based on positive assumptions about human nature. Taylor focused on scientific management, Weber on bureaucracy, and Gulick on administrative functions. Hence, McGregor is the correct answer.
10 PPSC-Relevant Facts:
1. McGregor proposed Theory X & Y
2. Theory X = authoritarian approach
3. Theory Y = democratic approach
4. Applied in educational administration
5. Focus on human motivation
6. Improves teacher performance
7. Encourages participation
8. Modern management theory
9. Behavior-based assumptions
10. PPSC frequently tests this