Theories in which efforts have been made to identify the personal qualities of an effective leader are known as theories of:
Theories in which efforts have been made to identify the personal qualities of an effective leader are known as theories of:
Options:
(a) Motivation
(b) Traits
(c) Behavior
(d) Contingency
✅ Correct Answer: (b) Traits
Explanation:
Trait theory of leadership is one of the earliest and most influential leadership theories. It focuses on identifying the personal qualities, characteristics, and attributes that distinguish effective leaders from ineffective ones. According to this theory, leadership ability is inborn, meaning leaders are born, not made. Researchers studied successful leaders and concluded that certain traits such as intelligence, confidence, honesty, emotional stability, decisiveness, and social skills are commonly found among effective leaders.
Trait theory assumes that individuals possessing these traits will naturally perform better in leadership roles regardless of the situation. This theory helped establish leadership as a personal quality-based concept rather than a learned behavior. However, later critics argued that possessing traits alone does not guarantee leadership success, as situations and environment also play a vital role.
Despite criticism, trait theory remains important in educational administration and management, especially in selection and recruitment of leaders. In education, principals and administrators are often selected based on leadership traits like vision, integrity, and communication skills. PPSC frequently tests this theory because it forms the foundation of modern leadership theories.
10 PPSC-Related Facts:
- Trait theory is also called the “Great Man Theory.”
- It emphasizes inborn qualities of leaders.
- Early researchers include Stogdill and Galton.
- Traits include physical, mental, emotional, and social traits.
- Intelligence is considered a core leadership trait.
- Trait theory ignores situational factors.
- Widely used in administrative selection.
- Forms the base of behavioral theories.
- Popular in early 20th century leadership studies.
- Frequently asked in PPSC, FPSC, and NTS exams.