The variable which is affected by independent variable is called:

The variable which is affected by independent variable is called: (a) Relevant variable (b) Dependent variable (c) Independent variable (d) None of above ✅ Correct Option: (b) Dependent variable Explanation: In educational and psychological research, variables are classified based on their role in an experiment. The dependent variable is the variable that changes as a result of the manipulation of the independent variable. In other words, it is the outcome or effect that the researcher observes and measures. For example, if a researcher studies the effect of a new teaching method (independent variable) on students’ academic achievement, the students’ achievement becomes the dependent variable. It depends on what is done to the independent variable. Without an independent variable, the dependent variable has no basis for change. Understanding dependent variables is crucial because they help researchers determine whether a change has actually occurred due to the experimental treatment. In educational psychology, dependent variables often include learning outcomes, intelligence scores, behavior changes, motivation levels, or academic performance. The dependent variable is always measured, observed, or tested under controlled conditions. It reflects the success or failure of an experiment. Therefore, option (b) is correct. 10 PPSC-Relevant Facts: 1. Dependent variable is the outcome 2. It depends on independent variable 3. Measured in experiments 4. Shows cause–effect relationship 5. Common in psychology research 6. Includes achievement and behavior 7. Cannot be manipulated directly 8. Changes due to treatment 9. Used in experimental method 10. Frequently asked in PPSC exams