Skip to main content
Exam Study PK
  • Home
  • About
  • Contact Us
  • Privacy Policy
  • Terms of Service
  • Disclaimer
Assessment in Education
  • INTRODUCTION TO MEASUREMENT, ASSESSMENT AND EVALUATION
  • 1.1 Concepts of Test
  • 1.2 Concept of Measurement
  • 1.3 Concept of Assessment
  • 1.4 Concept of Evaluation
  • 1.5 Relationship: Measurement, Assessment and Evaluation:
  • Measurement
  • Assessment
  • Evaluation
  • 1.6 Distinction between Measurement and Assessment/Evaluation
  • 1.7 Need for Assessment:
  • 1.8 Types of Assessment
  • 2.Formative Assessment
  • 3. Summative Assessment
  • 4.Diagnostic Assessment
  • 1.9 Techniques of Assessment & Evaluation
  • Limitations of observation
  • B. Interview:
  • Limitations of Interview
  • C. The Questionnaire
  • Limitations
  • D. Test
  • E. Attitude Scales
  • F. Projective Devices
  • G. Checklist:
  • SELECTIVE TYPE TEST
  • 2.1 Alternate Response/True-False Tests
  • 2.2 Multiple choice items
  • Merits of Multiple choice items:
  • Suggestions for Construction of multiple-choice type test item:
  • 2.3 Matching Type Test
  • Characteristics of matching type Test
  • Matching type test Merits:
  • Chapter-3 SUPPLY TYPE TEST
  • 3.1 Completion Type Test
  • 3.2 Short Answer Type Test
  • 3.3 Restricted Response Test
  • Chapter-4 COMPARISON BETWEEN ESSAY TYPE AND OBJECTIVE TYPE TESTS
  • 4.1 Objective Type Tests
  • 4.2 ESSAY TYPE TEST
  • Suggestion for constructing a good essay type test
  • 4.3 Comparison Of The Essay And Objective Type Test
  • Chapter-5 TYPES OF TESTS
  • 5.2 Standardized Test:
  • 5.2 Standardization on standardized Test:
  • 5.2 Evaluation of standardized Tests:
  • 5.2 Norms and Standards:
  • 5.3 Similarities between Standardized Test and Teacher Made Test:
  • 5.4 Differences between Standardized Test and Teacher Made Test:
  • Chapter - 6 SCHOOL ASSESSMENT SYSTEM IN PAKISTAN
  • 6.2 PUNJAB EXAMINATION COMMISSION
  • 6.2 Foundation:
  • Chapter 7: CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD TEST
  • 7.1 Validity:
  • 7.1 Factors Affecting Validity:
  • 7.2 Reliability:
  • 7.2 Factors Influencing Reliability:
  • 7.3 Usability:
  • 7.4 Objectivity
  • Chapter - 8
  • 8.1 Planning of the Test
  • 8.2 Purpose of the Test
  • 8.3 Table of Specification
  • 8.4 Selection of Appropriate Test item
  • 8.5 The preparation of a set of relevant test items:
  • 8.6 Assembling the Test
  • 8.6 Preparing Directions for the Test:
  • 8.7Administering the Test
  • 8.8 Scoring the Test
  • A test format that requires the student to match a series of responses with corresponding terms in stimulus list is called?
  • Value that divides the data into two equal parts is?
  • The test measures what we intend to measure. This quality is called?
  • The length of a test is an important factor in obtaining a representative?
  • Median of 1,2,4,5,2,3 is?
  • The test made to compare performance of a student with other students is called?
  • The summative evaluation is used?
  • The appearance of normal curve resembles with?
  • The alternative name of the Table of Specification is?
  • Table of Specification helps in?
  • To assess achievement at the end of instruction is?
  • Vast of all in scope?
  • The least in scope is?
  • Running description of active behavior of a student as observed by the teacher is?
  • A test very popular with class room teacher is?
  • Frequently used evaluation tools of summative evaluation are?
  • The most commonly used correction formula to predict and control guessing is?
  • The summative evaluation is?
  • The difference between maximum and minimum values is?
  • The number of score lying in a class interval is?
  • A multiple choice question is composed of question referred as?
  • In a norm referenced test which item is best?
  • Which question has increasing objectivity of marking?
  • The most widely used format on standardized test in USA is?
  • Which questions are difficult to mark with reliability?
  • Projective techniques are used to measure?
  • Test meant for prediction on a certain criterion are called?
  • Kuder Richardson method is used to estimate?
  • Instrument used for measuring sample of behavior is?
  • Performance is limited to quantitative description of pupil's?
  • The purpose of the evaluation is to make?
  • The purpose of evaluation is to make judgment about educational?
  • Evaluation that monitors learning progress is?
  • A formal and systematic procedure of getting information is?
  • A formal and systematic procedure of getting information is?
  • The process of obtaining numerical value is?
  • A sum of questions is?
  • The first step in measurement is?
  • The purpose of formative evaluation is?
  • Alternative response item is?
  • How many columns matching items have?
  • The item in the column for which a match is sought is?
  • Identifying relationship between two things is demonstrated by?
  • The statement of problem in M.C.Qs is?
  • The correct option in M.C.Q is?
  • The incorrect options in M.C.Q are?
  • The most widely applicable test item is?
  • The type of essay item in which contents are limited is?
  • The ability to select, organize, integrate and evaluate ideas is demonstrated by?
  • The I.Q of a student having twelve years mental age and ten years physical age will be?
  • The quality of test that measures “what it claims to measure” is:
  • The characteristic of a test to discriminate between high achievers and low achievers is?
  • If the scoring of the test is not affected by any factor, quality of test is called?
  • The quality of test to give same scores when administered at different occasions is?
  • If the sample of the question in the test is sufficiently large enough, the quality of test is?
  • The quality of test showing ease of time, cost, administration and interpretation is called?
  • Facility index of an item determines?
  • High and low achievers are sorted out by?
  • Test item is acceptable which its facility index/difficulty level ranges from?
  • Superannuation retirement age in Pakistan is
  • The characteristics of good planner are
  • What does E and D Rules mean?
  • A.D.P is an abbreviation of
  • The power is concentrated in the hands of one or few people in
  • What is central to administration?
  • In POSDIR, R stands for
  • S.N.E is an abbreviation of
  • Pension is given if the retirement is after service of
  • Person who leadership is possesses qualities of
  • The type of test used to measure minimum basic knowledge and skills is called
  • In art class a student paints a new and original painting. This behavior falls under?
  • A student is asked to critique a painting using objective criteria. This behavior falls under?
  • What factor should receive the biggest emphasis when creating objectives?
  • The basis of content validity is the relationship between the objective and the
  • Chief advantage of matching items is
  • Breaking down a chemical formula is to ______ as writing a lab report is to ______
  • Poorly structured essay question results in:
  • Advantage of essay items:
  • Most important disadvantage of graphic rating scale:
  • It is important that the teacher know how he/she is going to use the test before assessment takes place.
  • What is meant by sampling error?
  • The use of results is best reserved for teachers and other educators.
  • A student is asked in a biology lab to successfully perform a dissection. What type of assessment is this?
  • Using a test to assess achievement at the end of instruction is an example of:
  • Using a test to monitor learning progress during instruction is an example of:
  • What type of assessment would measure fixed performance outcomes?
  • Using a test to determine student performance at the beginning of instruction is an example of:
  • A teacher-made test is an example of a:
  • What type of test is the best example of an externally mandated assessment?
  • What is the key to performance assessment?
  • In test development the table of specifications most directly affects:
  • What are percentiles used to describe?
  • In a normal distribution of raw scores, what is the z-score of the 50th percentile?
  • Which is a significant factor in test item difficulty?
  • Which is a significant influencing factor in test and item difficulty?
  • Once the ______ are selected, the teacher need not be sensitive about unanticipated outcomes.
  • Unanticipated learning outcomes usually will suggest new areas to:
  • Best verb for a specific learning outcome:
  • In stating objectives, the behavior description should be highly content specific.
  • Reliability measured from one test form using split-test or KR formula is:
  • Which term is most synonymous with variability?
  • What score is common to both criterion-referenced and norm-referenced tests?
  • Basic unit/type of score used in criterion-referenced tests:
  • How to test stability reliability?
  • Result of increasing variability in a measurement instrument:
  • An early-grades readiness test is most like a:
  • What is one weakness of a percentage score?
  • How many educational domains are in Educational Taxonomy?
  • What is a derived score?
  • An acceptable norm can be a set of data collected from any group of;
  • Test norms give us information as to whether a student has mastered a set of objectives.
  • When you are dealing with rote memorization you are dealing with which level?
  • Which level is important for transferring information to another situation?
  • Which level is important for breaking down information into component parts?
  • Which Instructional Strategy would be proper to use with the Knowledge level?
  • A good Unit Plan would combine levels of the Cognitive Domain Taxonomy.
  • Assessment (either summative or formative) is often categorized as:
  • The first step in measuring classroom learning is to decide on the type of test to use.
  • Classroom assessment should be based on objective data only.
  • Test item is very easy when value of facility index/ difficulty level is higher than?
  • Test item is very difficult when value of facility index/ difficulty level is less than?
  • Discrimination power of an item is acceptable when its value ranges from:
  • Test item discriminates 100% when its value for discrimination is?
  • Test item cannot discriminate low achievers and high achievers when its value is lower than?
  • The cash book is maintained by
  • Authoritarian model is more suitable for
  • Teacher salaries and allowances collectively are written in
  • To motivate others to achieve certain goals is
  • A programme of activities designed to attain educational ends is
  • The type of classroom assessment used should be determined by the performance to be measured.
  • Effective classroom assessment requires the use of a variety of assessment techniques.
  • Assessment techniques should replace teacher observation and judgment.
  • Error of measurement must always be considered during interpretation of assessment results.
  • What is the purpose of the grade equivalent score?
  • Students are given a ten-item test to determine learning progress.
  • A teacher observes the process used as a student solves arithmetic problems.
  • Algebra students take an arithmetic test on the first day of class.
  • Course grades are assigned.
  • Percentiles and percentages are:
  • A test used national norms for Interpretation.
  • A test used to measure many skills with just a few items for each skill
  • A test that all students are expected to complete.
  • A test on which different scorers obtain the same results.
  • A test requiring students to describe how to set up laboratory equipment.
  • The majority of tests and assessments during academic career are
  • The main goal of classroom assessment is
  • Teacher assesses students before instruction
  • Assessment designed to measure mastery of skills presented in instruction
  • Reliability: consistency on two equivalent forms of a test
  • Systematic error is associated with:
  • Achievement tests measure learning after instruction.
  • After selecting major topics for a table of specifications, next step is:
  • Reflects how well behaviors represent the whole domain
  • The simplest form of measurement
  • An ordinal scale is used to rank order people or characteristics.
  • Selection and supply items work best on:
  • Reliability measuring consistency over time
  • Student makes a time line of Civil War battles
  • Advantage of selection-type test items
  • Computer assessment should be used only for graded tests
  • In adaptive testing, next question depends on prior answers
  • Not a legitimate stakeholder in mandated assessment
  • Viewing a problem critically or scientifically
  • Ability to communicate effectively falls under:
  • Most likely included in knowledge objectives
  • Child learns he/she can’t get their own way always
  • Preference for job outdoors
  • Serious issue: measure only limited behavior
  • MCQs can easily measure:
  • Reliability concern highest with:
  • Tests focusing on informal life-learning
  • Judgment of extent scores can predict performance
  • Batting averages use what scale?
  • Most educational variables exist at which level?
  • Example of psychological trait
  • Intelligence Tests except
  • Reliability is known as:
  • Correct order of measurement levels
  • Process of gathering evidence supporting score inferences
  • Limited body of information should use:
  • A test that gives a student as much time as he/she needs to complete the test but asks difficult questions is a
  • Most educational and testing professionals believe that externally mandated is fair, balanced, and free of bias
  • A commercially available test is usually:
  • Externally mandated assessment constitutes the majority of testing that goes on in the:
  • Which verb deals with process rather than product?
  • In recent years, what theory has challenged the practice of solely using behavioral instructional objectives?
  • One significant change mandated in standards-based reform was that students be able to perform more extended “real-life tasks” such as: and critical thinking.
  • Performance-based assessment is concerned with whether students can demonstrate proficiency by answering the traditional question types such as:
  • One of using primarily specific instructional objectives is that students do not learn how to connect or apply information that is learned
  • A teacher wants her students to enjoy and appreciate the arts. Which taxonomy will this teacher be drawing instructional objectives from?
  • Hitting a golf ball so that it does not hook or slice would be an objective from which taxonomy?
  • Self-fulfilling prophecy refers to the idea that if think they will not achieve, they probably will not achieve.
  • In general, most externally mandated tests are free from
  • Learning one’s addition facts draws its objectives from which taxonomy?
  • Most school learning is probably drawn from the cognitive
  • Externally mandated assessment is basically assessment of learning while formative assessment is assessment for:
  • In formative assessment scoring rubrics are crucial to the process.
  • Which is NOT an example of a teacher-made assessment?
  • Which is an example of an informal assessment?
  • Development means change in?
  • Cognitive development means?
  • Out of sight, out of mind” is the characteristic of?
  • In cognitive domain infancy is the stage of?
  • In the cognitive domain, early childhood is?
  • In cognitive development, late childhood is?
  • In cognitive development, adolescence is beginning of?
  • The characteristic of sensory motor stage is?
  • The characteristics of pre-operational stage is
  • I.Q stands for?
  • Which is basic emotion?
  • Piaget presented the theory of?
  • Model of eight types of learning was designed by?
  • The process of Adaptation in Piagetian theory is?
  • Helping individuals adjust at home, school, and life is called?
  • Hierarchy of needs was presented by?
  • At which stage does the child develop object permanence?
  • The pioneer of identifying individual differences was?
  • Which is the basic emotion?
  • Who was the first psychologist?
  • Founder of Socio-Psychological development was?
  • Another name of working memory is?
  • Perception and attention play major role in?
  • Logical thinking according to Piaget starts at:
  • Experiments on learning by insight were performed by?
  • Memorizing one's multiplication facts falls under which level of cognitive taxonomy?
  • Formal tests are sounder than informal assessments and as a rule should be used instead of:
  • _____ assessments must be teacher-made
  • Which type of test measures types of learning difficulties students are encountering?
  • Which test helps answer: “How realistic are my teaching plans for this group?”
  • Which test helps answer: “Is the child meeting state standards?”
  • Which test helps answer: “Which students have poor self-understanding?”
  • Which test best predicts a student's future performance?
  • Assessment can exist independently of:
  • The word psychology is derived from?
  • A choice made between two or more alternatives is called
  • The ability to solve problems in a new environment is:
  • The founder of Behaviorism is:
  • Concrete operation occurs at the age of?
  • How many groups are usually made in Experimental Method?
  • Child Development study is useful for?
  • Independent variable is applied to?
  • Life of an individual starts from?
  • How many factors affect growth?
  • Classical conditioning was presented by?
  • Psycho-analysis was introduced by?
  • The I.Q of gifted children is?
  • Cognitive learning theory is known as?
  • Laws of learning were founded by?
  • Founder of Intelligence Tests was?
  • The psychologist who said most fears are conditionally learned?
  • Carl Rogers presented?
  • Law of learning associated with Reinforcement in Operant conditioning is?
  • Interests, attitudes, appreciation, skills and achievements are product of?
  • Ability to think in novel and unusual ways is called?
  • Which one is not an environmental factor?
  • Cognitive development deals with?
  • Piaget described how many stages of cognitive development?
  • Birth to 2 years stage is?
  • 2–7 years stage is?
  • 7–12 years stage is?
  • 12 years and onward stage is?
  • Child forgets things out of sight in?
  • Child describes himself unsystematically in?
  • Child thinks logically in?
  • Stern formula to determine IQ is?
  • The formula to determine IQ is given by?
  • Guidance in education started in?
  • Who is considered the Father of Guidance?
  • First Intelligence test was developed in?
  • Who developed the first intelligence test?
  • Guidance is helpful in?
  • Face-to-face relationship where one solves another’s problem is called?
  • Psychology is the study of?
  • Age of pre operational stage in Piagetian cognitive Development theory is?
  • Whose role is important in moral development?
  • Emotional development is effected by?
  • Permanent change in behavior as a result of experience is?
  • According to behaviorism, which one is important for change in behavior?
  • Stimulus is necessary for response in?
  • Operant conditioning was presented by?
  • Change in behavior is due to reinforcement in?
  • Which one is not positive reinforcement?
  • Concept of Meaningful learning through perception was presented by?
  • Concept of meaningful learning structure of content and discovery was presented by?
  • The founder of Humanistic Approach is?
  • The founder of client centered therapy was?
  • According to Roger, in problem solving the most important is?
  • Who did discriminate the personality-characteristics?
  • The IQ of average child is?
  • The I.Q of mentally retarded child is?
  • Which type of growth of child is important?
  • The meaning of the word psychology is?
  • Who says "Man is a conscious animal"?
  • Growth means an increase in?
  • The variable whose effect is sought is called?
  • The variable which is affected by independent variable is called?
  • Method in which keen study of any event or behavior is made is?
  • Study of behavior under controlled conditions is?
  • Growth of children is studied in?
  • Sensory disabilities are studied in?
  • Period starting from Zygote to 250–300 days is?
  • Period starting from birth to two weeks is?
  • Period starting from 13 to 19 years is?
  • Which is not the biological factor?
  1. Home
  2. Assessment in Education
  3. The power is concentrated in the hands of one or few people in

The power is concentrated in the hands of one or few people in

The power is concentrated in the hands of one or few people in (a) Control (b) Command (c) Decentralization (d) Centralization ✅ Correct option: (d) Centralization Explanation: Centralization means decision-making power is kept with a few individuals.

← Previous A.D.P is an abbreviation of Next → What is central to administration?
On this page
    © 2026 Exam Study PK. All rights reserved.
    • Sign up