The p-value should be used to assess strength of relationship.

The p-value should be used to assess strength of relationship. Options: (a) True (b) False (c) None of the above (d) All of these ✅ Correct Option: (b) False Explanation (200+ words): The p-value indicates whether a result is statistically significant, not how strong the relationship is. Strength is measured using effect size indicators such as correlation coefficients or eta-squared. 10 PPSC-Related Facts: 1. p-value ≠ effect size 2. Measures significance only 3. Strength measured separately 4. Smaller p ≠ stronger effect 5. Effect size is magnitude 6. Common misconception 7. Important interpretation issue 8. Exam-tested concept 9. APA discourages misuse 10. Critical statistics principle

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If a finding is statistically significant one must also interpret data, calculate effect size, and assess practical significance.
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In looking at the relationships between coding categories, the relation “X is a place in Y; X is part of Y” in Spradley’s taxonomy of semantic relations is labeled: