The number of vocational institutes till 1998 was
The number of vocational institutes till 1998 was
(a) 190
(b) 193
(c) 198
(d) 194
✅ Correct Option: (c) 198
Explanation (200+ words)
Till 1998, Pakistan had around 198 vocational institutes, which played a crucial role in providing skill-based technical education. These institutes were managed under provincial technical boards, polytechnic systems, and various manpower training directorates. Their main purpose was to equip youth with employable skills necessary for industries, services, and emerging technical sectors.
In the 1990s, Pakistan saw increasing unemployment and a rising population of unskilled youth. Therefore, vocational training was considered essential for economic development. These institutes offered courses such as electrician training, welding, auto mechanics, drafting, refrigeration, and office technology skills. Although the number (198) was significant for that time, it still fell short of national requirements, resulting in the later establishment of TEVTA (Technical Education & Vocational Training Authority) and later NAVTTC to strengthen skill development.
1998 figures are frequently quoted in PPSC exams because they serve as a baseline for educational reforms and manpower planning. The government used these numbers to design the National Skill Development Plan and improve employability among youth, especially in rural and low-income regions.
10 PPSC-Relevant Facts
- Number of vocational institutes in 1998: 198.
- Institutes were under provincial technical boards.
- Focused on skill-based training.
- Courses included welding, electrician, auto-mechanics.
- Female participation was low during 1990s.
- Basis for later TEVTA formation in 1999–2000.
- Helped reduce unskilled labor ratio.
- Supported manpower needs of industries.
- Many were linked with apprenticeship programs.
- Data used in National Education Policy 1998.