The hypothetical average of an individual's scores if repeated testing under ideal conditions were possible is called:

The hypothetical average of an individual's scores if repeated testing under ideal conditions were possible is called:

Options:

(a) true score

(b) standard error of measurement (c) range

(d) standard deviation

✅ Correct Option: (a) true score

Explanation (200+ words):

The true score is a theoretical concept in classical test theory representing the score an individual would achieve if tested under perfect, error-free conditions. In reality, observed scores include errors due to test conditions, environmental factors, or random variations. The true score is essential for understanding reliability: the closer the observed score is to the true score, the more reliable the test. Standard error of measurement quantifies the likely deviation of observed scores from true scores. Range and standard deviation describe score distributions but do not reflect theoretical true scores. Understanding true scores is crucial for designing reliable assessments and interpreting test results accurately. PPSC often includes questions on classical test theory, including true score concepts.

10 Related Facts:

True score = ideal, error-free score Observed score = true score + error Basis for classical test theory Reliability estimates true score accuracy Standard error measures deviation Important in educational measurement Helps interpret student performance Concept widely used in psychometrics Not directly observable PPSC frequently tests reliability and measurement concepts