Testing that follows instruction and assesses achievement is called:

Testing that follows instruction and assesses achievement is called:

Options:

(a) Norm-referenced testing

(b) Formative assessment

(c) Objective assessment

(d) Summative assessment

✅ Correct Option: (d) Summative assessment

Explanation (200+ words):

Summative assessment is conducted after instruction to evaluate student achievement. It measures how well students have met learning objectives at the end of a unit, term, or course. Examples include final exams and board examinations. Summative assessments are typically used for grading, promotion, and certification. Unlike formative assessments, they do not focus on improvement but on outcomes. They play an important role in accountability and decision-making in education systems.

10 Related PPSC Facts:

Conducted after instruction. Measures final achievement. Used for grading. High-stakes in nature. Includes final exams. Evaluative purpose. Not diagnostic. Influences promotion. Used in certification. Important in education policy.