Administrators consider that as the workers are not stupid, therefore, they will make decisions within their commitments

(a) Theory X

(b) Theory Y

(d) Social system theory

✅ Correct Option: (b) Theory Y

Explanation:

Theory Y was proposed by Douglas McGregor and presents a positive view of human behavior at work. According to this theory, administrators believe that workers are intelligent, responsible, and capable of making sound decisions within their commitments. Employees are not considered lazy or irresponsible; instead, they are seen as self-motivated individuals who seek responsibility and can exercise self-direction and self-control. The statement in the question clearly reflects Theory Y assumptions. Administrators under this theory trust employees and believe that if given the right environment and support, workers will contribute creatively and responsibly to organizational goals. Decision-making is often decentralized, and employees are encouraged to participate in problem-solving and planning. In educational institutions, Theory Y supports democratic leadership, teacher involvement in decision-making, and professional autonomy. It enhances motivation, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment. Unlike Theory X, which assumes workers avoid responsibility, Theory Y promotes mutual trust between management and staff. Therefore, the correct answer is Theory Y.

10 Related Facts (PPSC-Oriented):

1. Theory Y was proposed by Douglas McGregor.

2. It assumes people are self-motivated.

3. Employees seek responsibility.

4. Decision-making is participative.

5. Trust between management and workers is essential.

6. Encourages creativity and innovation.

7. Suitable for educational institutions.

8. Focuses on intrinsic motivation.

9. Contrasts with Theory X.

10. Improves organizational effectiveness.