Self-actualization theory was developed by:

Self-actualization theory was developed by:

Options:
(a) Adler
(b) Maslow
(c) McDougall
(d) Freud

✅ Correct Answer:

(b) Maslow

Explanation:

Self-actualization theory was developed by Abraham Maslow as part of his Hierarchy of Needs in humanistic psychology. According to Maslow, self-actualization represents the highest level of human motivation, where individuals realize their full potential, pursue creativity, and achieve personal growth.

Maslow’s hierarchy includes physiological needs, safety, love and belonging, esteem, and finally self-actualization. He emphasized that only when lower-level needs are satisfied can individuals strive toward self-actualization. Unlike Freud, who focused on psychoanalysis, Adler, who focused on social interest, or McDougall, who emphasized instincts, Maslow emphasized positive human potential and personal growth.

In education, fostering self-actualization aligns with holistic education, student-centered learning, and personal development, making it highly relevant for PPSC psychology and educational philosophy exams.

10 Related Facts:

1. Maslow developed self-actualization theory.
2. Part of the hierarchy of needs.
3. Highest level of motivation.
4. Focuses on personal growth and creativity.
5. Requires fulfillment of lower-level needs.
6. Humanistic psychology emphasizes positive potential.
7. Contrasts with Freud’s psychoanalysis.
8. Contrasts with Adler’s social interest theory.
9. Relevant in student-centered education.
10. Commonly asked in PPSC educational psychology MCQs.