Results obtained from the experiments are due to manipulation of the independent variable and not due to extraneous variable is called?

Results obtained from the experiments are due to manipulation of the independent variable and not due to extraneous variable is called?
(a) Experimental validity
(b) Manipulation
(c) Randomization
(d) Control
✅ Answer: (a) Experimental validity
Explanation: Experimental validity ensures results are due to manipulated variables only.