Research designs in which effort is made to study the effect of more than one independent variable on dependent variables are called:

Research designs in which effort is made to study the effect of more than one independent variable on dependent variables are called: Options: (a) Experimental (b) Ex-Post Facto (c) Time-series (d) Factorial ✅ Correct Answer: (d) Factorial Explanation: Factorial research designs are used when researchers want to study the effects of two or more independent variables simultaneously on one or more dependent variables. Each independent variable is considered a factor, and all possible combinations of factor levels are examined. This allows researchers to not only assess the main effects of each independent variable but also interaction effects, which show how variables jointly influence outcomes. Factorial designs are widely used in educational, psychological, and social research because they allow efficient study of multiple variables without conducting separate experiments for each. In contrast, experimental designs may involve one independent variable, ex-post facto examines existing conditions without manipulation, and time-series focuses on repeated observations over time. This research design is particularly important in educational research, PPSC psychology, and statistics-related questions. 10 Related Facts: 1. Factorial designs study multiple independent variables. 2. Main effects show individual variable impact. 3. Interaction effects show combined impact. 4. Efficient for multifactor studies. 5. Widely used in educational research. 6. Allows fewer experiments for multiple factors. 7. Contrasts with single-factor experiments. 8. Ex-Post Facto examines existing conditions. 9. Time-series tracks repeated measures over time. 10. Frequently asked in PPSC research methodology MCQs.