Permanent learning difficulties are investigated in:

Permanent learning difficulties are investigated in: Options: (a) Summative assessment (b) Diagnostic assessment (c) Formative assessment (d) Placement assessment ✅ Correct Answer: (b) Diagnostic assessment Explanation: Diagnostic assessment identifies specific learning difficulties, weaknesses, and barriers that prevent a student from achieving learning objectives. When learning difficulties are persistent, such as dyslexia or mathematical learning disorders, diagnostic assessments help determine the underlying causes and design remedial interventions. Unlike summative assessment, which evaluates performance at the end of instruction, or formative assessment, which monitors progress during learning, diagnostic assessment focuses on problem identification. Placement assessment, on the other hand, assigns students to appropriate courses but does not diagnose specific difficulties. Educational psychologists and special educators rely on diagnostic assessments to provide targeted support, adaptive teaching strategies, and individualized educational plans. It ensures that students with permanent learning challenges receive the necessary interventions for academic success. 10 Related Facts: 1. Diagnostic assessment identifies learning barriers. 2. Helps in special education planning. 3. Focuses on persistent difficulties. 4. Formative assessment monitors ongoing learning. 5. Summative assessment evaluates after learning. 6. Placement tests assign students to levels. 7. Tools include tests, interviews, and observations. 8. Remedial strategies are based on diagnostic results. 9. Frequently asked in PPSC psychology and education MCQs. 10. Ensures individual support and educational fairness.