Period from 12 years and onward in cognitive development is:

Period from 12 years and onward in cognitive development is: (a) Sensori motor stage (b) Pre operational stage (c) Concrete operational stage (d) Formal operational stage ✅ Correct Option: (d) Formal operational stage Explanation: The Formal Operational Stage begins at approximately 12 years of age and continues into adulthood. In this stage, individuals develop the ability to think abstractly, logically, and hypothetically. This stage represents the highest level of cognitive development according to Piaget. Adolescents can now solve complex problems, think about future possibilities, understand abstract concepts like justice and freedom, and engage in scientific reasoning. They can also use deductive and inductive reasoning and formulate hypotheses. This stage is crucial for higher education and intellectual maturity. Abstract subjects such as algebra, philosophy, and theoretical science become understandable at this stage. Therefore, the correct option is Formal Operational Stage. 10 PPSC-Relevant Facts: 1. Age starts from 12 years 2. Highest cognitive stage 3. Abstract thinking develops 4. Hypothetical reasoning possible 5. Scientific thinking appears 6. Deductive reasoning develops 7. Logical problem-solving improves 8. Future planning ability 9. Linked with adolescence 10. Very important PPSC topic