Uncategorized Problems Confronting Elementary Education in Pakistan The following situation exists in the primary and middle school education sub-sectors which posed obstacles in achieving the desired goals/targets: * Low levels of participation at the primary and middle Tauseef Ahmad 3 Sep 2023 · 1 min read
Uncategorized Problems of curriculum development at primary level in developingcountries Global demands at primary level * Free compulsory and universal education * All round development of a child * Expectations of parents, politicians, economists,psychologists, educators, religious leaders Curriculum development problems * Increasing number Tauseef Ahmad 3 Sep 2023 · 1 min read
Uncategorized Issues in the curriculum at elementary level 16-21 16. Issues of Curriculum Understanding The entire educational framework of our schools and colleges is obsessively and rigidly built around textbooks which are mostly prescribed. Textbooks are considered as the Tauseef Ahmad 3 Sep 2023 · 4 min read
Uncategorized Issues in the curriculum at elementary level 11-15 11. Access to up-to-date information Up-to-date information on trends and developments in curriculum reform in other countries are very helpful for improving national curriculum. There is a need with the Tauseef Ahmad 3 Sep 2023 · 2 min read
Uncategorized Issues in the curriculum at elementary level 6-10 6. Economic issue Economic issues are of paramount concern. There is a need to equipping students with the basic knowledge and skills in order: * To be self-sufficient and productive citizens Tauseef Ahmad 3 Sep 2023 · 2 min read
Uncategorized CHAPTER-10 ISSUES IN THE CURRICULUM AT ELEMENTARY LEVEL Curriculum development is a highly organized and systematic process and involves a number of procedures. Many of these procedures include incorporating the results from international research studies and reforms made Tauseef Ahmad 3 Sep 2023 · 3 min read
Uncategorized 9.6.5 CURRICULUM CHANGE STRATEGIES AND MODELS Strategies and Models for Curriculum Change and Innovation la order for change and innovation to succeed, the strategies for implementing the curriculum must be considered carefully.A strategy of innovation Tauseef Ahmad 3 Sep 2023 · 3 min read
Uncategorized 9.6.4 CURRICULUM CHANGE CRITERIA Criteria for Curriculum Change * Structure the curriculum so that it results in greater depth and Jess superficial coverage. * Structure the curriculum so that it focuses on problem solving * Structure and Tauseef Ahmad 3 Sep 2023 · 1 min read
Uncategorized 9.6.2 Changing Pedagogical Models FromToTeacher/Curriculum-centeredLearner-centeredAcquisition of knowledge and skillsIntelligent thinking and knowledge applicationIndividual taskCollaborative workPassive learning (listener)Active learning (collaborator)Printed mediaTechnological toolsGrade focusAchievement focusNational perspectiveGlobal perspectiveIndependent effortsCombined effortsAbstract learning (facts)Authentic learning Tauseef Ahmad 3 Sep 2023 · 1 min read
Uncategorized 9.6.1 Types of Change Change can be categorized into two types. Hardware Types These changes are introduced by additions to facilities such as classrooms, equipment, books and play grounds. Software Types These affect the Tauseef Ahmad 3 Sep 2023 · 1 min read
Uncategorized 9.6 REVAMPING CURRICULUM (CURRICULUM CHANGE) Curriculum Change Hoyle (1995: 58) defines change às embracing the concepts of innovation development, renewal and improvement of a curriculum, Curriculum change is dictated by the changes in the economic, Tauseef Ahmad 3 Sep 2023 · 2 min read
Uncategorized 9.5 FUNCTIONS OF CURRICULUM EVALUATION Some functions of curriculum evaluation are as follows: * Informing decision-makers on the state of affairs of certain curriculum programs or syllabuses, and * Enabling teachers to evaluate themselves Decision Making: The Tauseef Ahmad 3 Sep 2023 · 2 min read
Uncategorized 9.4 CURRICULUM EVALUATION APPROACHES Bureaucratic Evaluation: This evaluation is usually initiated by the government or the Ministry of Education. In your circumstances, the Ministry of Education could evaluate a course of study or subjects Tauseef Ahmad 3 Sep 2023 · 1 min read
Uncategorized 9.3.2 Who Evaluates the Curriculum? The curriculum can be evaluated by a hired professional evaluator, a consultant or qualified personnel from the Ministry of Education. Whether it is a consultant or Ministry personnel, the evaluator Tauseef Ahmad 3 Sep 2023 · 1 min read
Uncategorized 9.3.1 Criteria for Evaluating School Curriculum The following should be used as the basis for establishing the criteria for evaluating school curriculum. * Objectives * Content as outlined in the syllabuses * Materials * Process or methodology used by teachers Tauseef Ahmad 3 Sep 2023 · 1 min read
Uncategorized 9.3 EVALUATING CURRICULUM The school is the place in which the curriculum objectives of a nation or a community are processed. All that takes place in a school has some impact on the Tauseef Ahmad 3 Sep 2023 · 1 min read
Uncategorized 9.2.2 Summative Evaluation This type of evaluation assesses whether or not the project or program can perform as the originators and designers intended. considers cost effectiveness in terms of money, time and personnel. Tauseef Ahmad 3 Sep 2023 · 1 min read
Uncategorized 9.2.1 Formative Evaluation The term 'formative evaluation' was originally coined by Scriven (1973) to classify evaluation that gathered information for the purpose of improving instruction as the instruction was being given. Tauseef Ahmad 3 Sep 2023 · 1 min read
