Exam Study PK (Page 37)

What is the key defining characteristic of experimental research?

What is the key defining characteristic of experimental research? Options: (a) Extraneous variables are never present (b) A positive correlation usually exists (c) A negative correlation usually exists (d) Manipulation

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20 Dec 2025 · 1 min read

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Which type of research provides the strongest evidence about cause-and-effect relationships?

Which type of research provides the strongest evidence about cause-and-effect relationships? Options: (a) Non-experimental research (b) Experimental research ✅ Correct Option: (b) Experimental research Explanation (200+ words): Experimental research provides the

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20 Dec 2025 · 1 min read

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A variable that is presumed to cause a change in another variable is called a(n):

A variable that is presumed to cause a change in another variable is called a(n): Options: (a) Categorical variable (b) Dependent variable (c) Independent variable (d) Intervening variable ✅ Correct

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20 Dec 2025 · 1 min read

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A condition or characteristic that can take on different values or categories is called:

A condition or characteristic that can take on different values or categories is called: Options: (a) A constant (b) A variable (c) A cause-and-effect relationship (d) A descriptive relationship ✅ Correct

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20 Dec 2025 · 1 min read

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Which of the following best describes quantitative research?

Which of the following best describes quantitative research? Options: (a) The collection of nonnumerical data (b) An attempt to confirm the researcher’s hypotheses (c) Research that is exploratory (d)

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20 Dec 2025 · 1 min read

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Which research paradigm is least concerned about generalizing its findings?

Which research paradigm is least concerned about generalizing its findings? Options: (a) Quantitative research (b) Qualitative research (c) Mixed research (d) None ✅ Correct Option: (b) Qualitative research Explanation (200+ words)

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20 Dec 2025 · 1 min read

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Which research paradigm is based on the pragmatic view of reality?

Which research paradigm is based on the pragmatic view of reality? Options: (a) Quantitative research (b) Qualitative research (c) Mixed research (d) None ✅ Correct Option: (c) Mixed research Explanation (200+

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20 Dec 2025 · 1 min read

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Which scientific method often focuses on generating new hypotheses and theories?

Which scientific method often focuses on generating new hypotheses and theories? Options: (a) Deductive method (b) Inductive method (c) Hypothesis method (d) Pattern method ✅ Correct Option: (b) Inductive method Explanation

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20 Dec 2025 · 1 min read

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Which scientific method focuses on testing hypotheses developed from theories?

Which scientific method focuses on testing hypotheses developed from theories? Options: (a) Deductive method (b) Inductive method (c) Hypothesis method (d) Pattern method ✅ Correct Option: (a) Deductive method Explanation (200+

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20 Dec 2025 · 1 min read

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Which scientific method is bottom-up or generative?

Which scientific method is bottom-up or generative? Options: (a) Deductive method (b) Inductive method (c) Hypothesis method (d) Pattern method ✅ Correct Option: (b) Inductive method Explanation (200+ words): The inductive

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20 Dec 2025 · 1 min read

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Which scientific method is top-down or confirmatory?

Which scientific method is top-down or confirmatory? Options: (a) Deductive method (b) Inductive method (c) Hypothesis method (d) Pattern method ✅ Correct Option: (a) Deductive method Explanation (200+ words): The deductive

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20 Dec 2025 · 1 min read

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René Descartes is associated with which approach to knowledge?

René Descartes is associated with which approach to knowledge? Options: (a) Empiricism (b) Rationalism (c) Expert opinion (d) None ✅ Correct Option: (b) Rationalism Explanation (200+ words): René Descartes is a

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20 Dec 2025 · 1 min read

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Which scientific method follows: observation → patterns → theory?

Which scientific method follows: observation → patterns → theory? Options: (a) Inductive (b) Deductive (c) Imductive (d) Top down ✅ Correct Option: (a) Inductive Explanation (200+ words): The inductive scientific method begins with

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20 Dec 2025 · 1 min read

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What type of research collects information to advance an ideological or political position?

What type of research collects information to advance an ideological or political position? Options: (a) Evaluation research (b) Basic research (c) Action research (d) Orientational research ✅ Correct Option: (d) Orientational

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20 Dec 2025 · 1 min read

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The idea that knowledge comes from experience is called:

The idea that knowledge comes from experience is called: Options: (a) Rationalism (b) Deductive reasoning (c) Logic (d) Empiricism ✅ Correct Option: (d) Empiricism Explanation (200+ words): Empiricism is the philosophical

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20 Dec 2025 · 1 min read

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Research done to examine findings of someone else using the same variables but different people is called:

Research done to examine findings of someone else using the same variables but different people is called: Options: (a) Exploration (b) Replication (c) Hypothesis (d) Empiricism ✅ Correct Option: (b) Replication

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20 Dec 2025 · 1 min read

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Which form of reasoning is the process of drawing a specific conclusion from a set of premises?

Which form of reasoning is the process of drawing a specific conclusion from a set of premises? Options: (a) Rationalism (b) Deductive reasoning (c) Inductive reasoning (d) Probabilistic ✅ Correct Option:

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20 Dec 2025 · 1 min read

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The development of a solid foundation of reliable knowledge typically is built from which type of research?

The development of a solid foundation of reliable knowledge typically is built from which type of research? Options: (a) Basic research (b) Action research (c) Evaluation research (d) Orientational research

Tauseef Ahmad

20 Dec 2025 · 1 min read