3.5.1 QURANIC UNIVERSAL IN IDEOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS The Quranic Universal The Quranic universals take their origin from the beautiful names of Allah Almighty who is the truth and reality. These names or attributes are the intrinsic qualities Tauseef Ahmad 2 Sep 2023 · 1 min read
3.5 IDEOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS OF CURRICULUM A system of ideas characterizing a party, class and culture is called ideology. Curriculum ideologies are defined as beliefs about what schools should teach, for what ends, and for what Tauseef Ahmad 2 Sep 2023 · 4 min read
3.4 HISTORICAL FOUNDATIONS OF CURRICULUM People live in the present. They plan for and worry about the future History, however, is the study of the past. In a society that quite correctly expects education to Tauseef Ahmad 2 Sep 2023 · 3 min read
3.3.3 CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT NEEDS THEORY Needs Theory: Rath (1972) identified the eight persisting emotional needs. The Identified needs are as under: * Need for love and affection. * Need for achievement. * Need for belonging. * Need for self-respect. Tauseef Ahmad 1 Sep 2023 · 2 min read
3.3.2 CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT THEORIES Theories about human learning Theories about human learning can be grouped into four broad"perspectives". These are Behaviorism: focus on observable behavior 2. Cognitive: learning as purely a Tauseef Ahmad 1 Sep 2023 · 4 min read
3.3.1 CHARACTERISTICS OF EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY Social, moral and cognitive development To understand the characteristics of learners in childhood, adolescence, adulthood, and old age, educational psychology develops and applies theories of human development. Often represented as Tauseef Ahmad 1 Sep 2023 · 1 min read
3.3 PSYCHOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS OF CURRICULUM Psychological foundation: A course or courses providing a foundation for understanding the psychology of individual perception and behavior. Psychology has made great contribution for the development of school curriculum. Psychology Tauseef Ahmad 1 Sep 2023 · 2 min read
3.2 SOCIOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS OF CURRICULUM Sociological foundation can be defined as a course or courses providing a foundation for understanding the organization and functioning of human societies, social institutions, and groups. Schools have the mission Tauseef Ahmad 1 Sep 2023 · 4 min read
3.1.2 ROLE OF PHILOSOPHY IN CURRICULUM PLANNING The Role of Philosophy in Curriculum Planning At the heart of purposeful activity in curriculum development is an educational philosophy that assists in answering value-laden questions and making decisions from Tauseef Ahmad 1 Sep 2023 · 1 min read
3.1.1 DETERMINANTS OF AN EDUCATIONAL PHILOSOPHY Major philosophies of life and education have traditionally been defined by three criteria: * What is good? * 'What is true? * 'What is real? Individual perceptions of goodness, truth, and Tauseef Ahmad 1 Sep 2023 · 1 min read
3.1 PHILOSOPHICAL FOUNDATIONS OF CURRICULUM Philosophy means "love of wisdom." It is made up of two Greek words, philo, meaning love, and sophos, meaning wisdom. * Philosophy is called pursuit of wisdom, the study Tauseef Ahmad 1 Sep 2023 · 4 min read
CHAPTER -3 FOUNDATIONS OF CURRICULUM Curriculum foundations are those basic forces that influence and shape the content and organization of the curriculum. Curriculum foundations are the components that influence and control the content and organization Tauseef Ahmad 1 Sep 2023 · 1 min read
2.4 EVALUATION This refers to the efforts a school may make to determine the extent to which it achieves the objectives of the syllabuses it teaches. The evaluation may involve all subjects Tauseef Ahmad 1 Sep 2023 · 2 min read
2.3 METHODS The instructional strategies and methods will put into action the goals and use of the content in order to produce an outcome. Teaching strategies convert the written curriculum to instruction. Tauseef Ahmad 1 Sep 2023 · 2 min read
2.2 CONTENT Curriculum content is the subject matter of the teaching learning process and as such, includes the knowledge, skills and values associated with the subject. Often the outcome of a ' Tauseef Ahmad 1 Sep 2023 · 2 min read
2.1.3 Kinds of Objectives: Objectives can be written for any type of learning. The question of writing goals and objectives became clearer when the three domains of learning cognitive, affective, and psychomotor were established. Tauseef Ahmad 1 Sep 2023 · 3 min read
2.1.2 Writing Learning Objectives One way to think about writing learning objectives is to think about it in the following process: A (audiences), B (behaviors), C (conditions), D (degree) A. Audience: Who are you Tauseef Ahmad 1 Sep 2023 · 2 min read
2.1.1 Learning Objectives and Bloom's Taxonomy Learning goals and objectives help you develop a set of performance expectations, which then enable you to develop content that is appropriate for your instruction. With skills to prioritize and Tauseef Ahmad 1 Sep 2023 · 1 min read
