Organismic theories of development hold that–

Organismic theories of development hold that– Options: (a) Psychological structures and processes within the child help determine his/her development (b) Physical structures and processes within the child help determine his/her development (c) Passively developed structures and processes within the child help determine his/her development (d) Slowly developed structures and processes within the child help determine his/her development ✅ Correct option: (a) Psychological structures and processes within the child help determine his/her development Explanation (200+ words): Organismic theories, such as those of Piaget and Gesell, argue that development is self-organizing, active, and driven by internal psychological structures. Children are not passive recipients of experience; rather, they actively construct knowledge and develop skills through interaction with their environment. Physical maturation (b) is important but secondary to cognitive and psychological processes. Organismic theories emphasize that development follows an intrinsic pattern, but environmental interaction shapes its expression. This perspective contrasts with mechanistic theories, which view children as passive objects responding to stimuli. Hence, option (a) is correct. 10 PPSC-Oriented Facts: 1. Piaget = cognitive constructivist. 2. Gesell = maturational theorist. 3. Development is active, not passive. 4. Psychological structures drive learning. 5. Environment shapes expression of abilities. 6. Mechanistic theories are stimulus-response based. 7. Organismic view emphasizes growth patterns. 8. Children construct knowledge through interaction. 9. Self-regulation is central. 10. Common PPSC psychology question.