One step NOT included in planning a research study is:

One step NOT included in planning a research study is: (a) Identifying a researchable problem

(b) Reviewing current research

(c) Stating the research question

(d) Conducting a meta-analysis

(e) Developing a research plan

✅ Correct option: (d) Conducting a meta-analysis

Explanation:

Planning a research study involves identifying a problem, reviewing literature, stating research questions, and developing a research plan. Meta-analysis, however, is a separate research method, not a planning step. Meta-analysis statistically combines results from multiple studies and is conducted after studies already exist, not during planning of a new study. Therefore, option (d) is correct.

10 Related PPSC Facts:

Planning precedes data collection Research problem must be clear Literature review is essential Research questions guide study Research plan outlines procedures Meta-analysis is secondary research Meta-analysis uses existing studies Not part of initial planning Planning improves validity Good planning reduces errors