Motivation theory with its assumption of two basic instincts—sex and aggression—and the view of development in terms of their evolution:

Motivation theory with its assumption of two basic instincts—sex and aggression—and the view of development in terms of their evolution: (a) Binet (b) Freud (c) Charles Darwin (d) None ✅ Correct Option: (b) Freud Explanation: Sigmund Freud proposed a motivation theory based on instincts, primarily sex (libido) and aggression. According to Freud, human development progresses through psychosexual stages, each dominated by instinctual energy. Personality and behavior are shaped by how these instincts are managed and expressed. Freud believed that unresolved conflicts during these stages lead to psychological problems. His instinct theory laid the foundation for psychoanalysis and deeply influenced clinical psychology. No other theorist emphasized sex and aggression so centrally. 10 PPSC-Relevant Facts: 1. Freud founded psychoanalysis. 2. Libido represents sexual energy. 3. Aggression is also instinctual. 4. Development occurs in stages. 5. Fixation causes neurosis. 6. Unconscious drives behavior. 7. Id is instinct-driven. 8. Ego mediates instincts. 9. Superego internalizes morality. 10. Freud’s theory is instinct-based.