Motivation should be followed by?
Motivation should be followed by?
Options:
(a) Reward
(b) Reproof
(c) Knowledge of result
(d) Incentive
✅ Correct Option:
(c) Knowledge of result
Explanation of Correct Answer (at least 200 words):
Motivation is an internal process that stimulates, directs, and sustains behavior toward achieving goals. However, motivation alone is not sufficient to ensure effective learning or performance. It must be followed by Knowledge of Result (KR), which refers to feedback given to learners about their performance. Knowledge of result helps learners understand whether their efforts were successful or not, thereby reinforcing learning and improving future performance.
When a learner is motivated and then informed about the outcome of their actions, it creates a learning loop. The learner can identify strengths, correct mistakes, and adjust strategies accordingly. Without knowledge of result, motivation may fade because the learner does not know whether their efforts are leading to success. For example, a student who studies hard but does not receive feedback on tests or assignments may feel confused or demotivated.
In educational psychology, feedback is considered a powerful reinforcer. It strengthens correct responses and helps eliminate incorrect ones. Knowledge of result also promotes self-evaluation, confidence, and intrinsic motivation. Unlike rewards or incentives, which are external and may create dependency, feedback develops understanding and long-term learning habits.
Reproof, on the other hand, can negatively affect motivation if used excessively. Rewards and incentives can motivate temporarily, but without feedback, they do not guarantee learning improvement. Therefore, knowledge of result is essential after motivation to ensure meaningful learning, skill development, and continuous improvement, which aligns with modern teaching and assessment practices emphasized in competitive exams like PPSC.
10 Related Facts (Important for PPSC):
- Knowledge of result is a type of feedback in learning.
- Feedback helps in reinforcement of correct responses.
- Motivation without feedback may lead to frustration.
- Intrinsic motivation is strengthened by constructive feedback.
- B.F. Skinner emphasized the role of feedback in learning.
- Knowledge of result supports self-assessment in learners.
- Rewards are extrinsic motivators, not always effective long-term.
- Reproof can cause fear and anxiety in students.
- Feedback improves retention and transfer of learning.
- Modern teaching focuses on formative assessment, which relies on knowledge of result.