Manipulating the independent variable by varying the type presented to groups is called

Manipulating the independent variable by varying the type presented to groups is called (a) Amount technique

(b) Absence technique

(c) Type technique

(d) Presence technique

✅ Correct option: (c) Type technique

Explanation:

The type technique involves manipulating an independent variable by presenting different kinds or categories of the variable to different groups. For example, comparing online teaching versus face-to-face teaching involves varying the type of instruction. This differs from the amount technique, which varies intensity or dosage, and the presence/absence technique, which compares treatment versus no treatment. The type technique is commonly used in comparative studies where qualitative differences are examined. Correct manipulation ensures clarity of causal relationships and enhances internal validity.

10 Related PPSC Facts:

Type technique varies kind of treatment. Amount technique varies intensity. Presence technique uses treatment vs control. Absence technique is similar to control condition. Manipulation defines experiments. IV must have at least two levels. Type manipulation is categorical. Educational methods often use type technique. Clear manipulation improves validity. Poor manipulation weakens conclusions.