Logical and scientific thinking include:

Logical and scientific thinking include:

(a) Orderly thinking

(b) Orderly Philosophy

(c) Orderly knowledge

(d) Value system

✅ Correct option as answer:

(a) Orderly thinking

Explanation:

Logical and scientific thinking refers to systematic, rational, and orderly thought processes. It involves critical analysis, reasoning, and structured problem-solving. Orderly thinking ensures that conclusions are based on evidence, coherence, and consistency. In education, fostering logical and scientific thinking prepares students to analyze information, evaluate evidence, and make informed decisions. This form of thinking is central to disciplines like science, mathematics, and philosophy. While knowledge and values are outcomes, the process of orderly thinking underpins effective reasoning and learning.

10 PPSC-Related Facts:

1. Logical thinking = systematic reasoning

2. Scientific thinking = evidence-based reasoning

3. Promotes critical analysis

4. Encourages problem-solving

5. Supports empirical investigation

6. Helps in decision-making

7. Linked to Piaget’s cognitive development

8. Teacher guides orderly thinking

9. Differentiates from intuitive or emotional thinking

10. Common PPSC MCQ topic