It involves developing an outline of the things that must be accomplished and the methods of accomplishing them. The activity attempts to forecast future actions and directions of the organization.

It involves developing an outline of the things that must be accomplished and the methods of accomplishing them. The activity attempts to forecast future actions and directions of the organization.

(a) Coordinating

(b) Organizing

(c) Staffing

(d) Planning

✅ Correct Option:

(d) Planning

Explanation:

Planning is the fundamental managerial function that involves deciding in advance what is to be done, how it is to be done, when it is to be done, and by whom it is to be done. The description in the question clearly defines planning because it focuses on outlining objectives and forecasting future actions. Planning provides direction to the organization and reduces uncertainty. It helps administrators anticipate future challenges and opportunities. In educational institutions, planning includes academic calendars, budgeting, staffing plans, and development programs. Without planning, other management functions lose direction. Therefore, planning is the correct answer.

10 Related Facts:

1. Planning is a primary function of management.

2. It involves forecasting.

3. Provides direction.

4. Reduces uncertainty.

5. Basis of other functions.

6. Goal-oriented activity.

7. Long-term and short-term plans exist.

8. Essential for educational management.

9. Helps resource allocation.

10. Improves organizational control.