Iqtisad fil-I‘tiqad was written by:

Iqtisad fil-I‘tiqad was written by:

Options:

(a) Tusi

(b) Farabi

(c) Ghazzali

(d) Iqbal

✅ Correct Option: (c) Ghazzali

Explanation:

Iqtisad fil-I‘tiqad is one of the most important theological works of Imam Abu Hamid Al-Ghazali, a renowned Islamic scholar, philosopher, jurist, and theologian of the 11th century. This book was written to present a balanced and moderate explanation of Islamic beliefs, avoiding both excessive rationalism and blind literalism. The word Iqtisad itself means “moderation,” which reflects Ghazzali’s approach toward faith and reason. In this book, Al-Ghazali explains the fundamental beliefs of Islam in a rational yet faith-oriented manner. He attempted to defend orthodox Islamic theology (Ash‘ari creed) using logical arguments while also emphasizing the limitations of human reason in understanding divine realities. The work was especially important during a time when Islamic thought was divided between philosophers, theologians, and literalists. Ghazzali’s objective was to protect common Muslims from confusion caused by philosophical debates while also equipping scholars with rational arguments to defend Islam. He argued that faith must be grounded in revelation but supported by reason where necessary. Iqtisad fil-I‘tiqad therefore stands as a bridge between philosophy and theology. PPSC frequently includes this book to test candidates’ knowledge of Islamic philosophy and scholastic theology.

10 Related PPSC Facts:

Imam Ghazzali lived from 1058–1111 AD He belonged to the Ash‘ari school of theology Ihya Ulum-ud-Din is his most famous work He criticized Greek philosophy Known as Hujjat-ul-Islam Emphasized balance between reason and revelation Supported orthodox Sunni beliefs Influenced Islamic thought for centuries Also wrote Tahafut-ul-Falasifa Considered a reformer of Islamic theology