In the educational thoughts of Ibn-e-Khaldun:

In the educational thoughts of Ibn-e-Khaldun: (a) Student is focus of education (b) Affection for student is visible (c) No sign of violence (d) All above ✅ Correct Option: (d) All above Explanation: Ibn-e-Khaldun advocated a learner-centered educational approach. He emphasized that teaching should be adapted to the student’s ability and readiness. He strongly discouraged violent and harsh teaching methods, stating that fear destroys intellect and confidence. Affection, encouragement, and patience are central in his pedagogy. He believed that violence leads to dishonesty, laziness, and hypocrisy. Education, therefore, must be based on kindness and understanding. Because all these principles appear in his educational thought, the correct answer is “All above.” 10 PPSC-Relevant Facts: 1. Student-centered learning. 2. Violence harms intellect. 3. Affection motivates learning. 4. Fear causes hypocrisy. 5. Teacher must be gentle. 6. Confidence aids understanding. 7. Learning should be gradual. 8. Child psychology recognized early. 9. Modern pedagogy aligns with him. 10. Common PPSC MCQ.