Erikson has designed stages of epigenesis:

Erikson has designed stages of epigenesis: (a) 7 (b) 8 (c) 9 (d) 10 ✅ Correct Option: (b) 8 Explanation: Erik Erikson proposed the theory of psychosocial development, which consists of eight stages extending from infancy to late adulthood. These stages are called epigenetic stages because Erikson believed that personality develops in a predetermined sequence, but each stage builds upon the outcomes of previous stages. The term epigenesis means that development unfolds gradually over time rather than appearing suddenly. Each stage presents a psychosocial crisis that must be resolved for healthy personality development. For example, trust vs. mistrust in infancy, autonomy vs. shame and doubt in early childhood, and identity vs. role confusion during adolescence. Successful resolution leads to psychological strengths such as hope, will, purpose, and fidelity, while failure results in emotional difficulties. Unlike Freud, who focused mainly on childhood and sexual instincts, Erikson emphasized social relationships, culture, and lifelong development. His theory is especially important in educational and clinical psychology because it highlights the role of teachers, parents, and society in shaping personality. For PPSC and other competitive exams, Erikson’s stages are frequently tested, especially the number of stages, key crises, and differences between Freud and Erikson. 10 PPSC-Relevant Facts: 1. Erikson proposed 8 stages of development. 2. Theory is psychosocial, not psychosexual. 3. Development continues throughout life. 4. Each stage has a crisis. 5. Adolescence stage = Identity vs. Role Confusion. 6. Trust vs. Mistrust is the first stage. 7. Ego identity is central to the theory. 8. Social interaction shapes personality. 9. Culture plays an important role. 10. Epigenetic principle means sequential development.