Epistemology in philosophy deals with:

Epistemology in philosophy deals with:

(a) Knowledge

(b) Values

(c) Reality

(d) None

✅ Correct option as answer:

(a) Knowledge

Explanation:

Epistemology is the branch of philosophy that deals with the nature, sources, scope, and limits of knowledge. It asks questions such as: What is knowledge? How is knowledge acquired? How do we know what we know? Epistemology differentiates knowledge from belief, opinion, and speculation. In the context of education, epistemology provides a foundation for curriculum design, teaching strategies, and assessment, because it emphasizes how students can acquire valid knowledge. For example, empirical knowledge is gained through observation, rational knowledge through reasoning, and revealed knowledge through authoritative sources. Philosophers such as Plato, Aristotle, and John Locke contributed significantly to epistemological theories, influencing modern education.

10 PPSC-Related Facts:

1. Epistemology = study of knowledge

2. Focuses on sources of knowledge

3. Differentiates knowledge from opinion

4. Includes empirical and rational knowledge

5. Influences curriculum and pedagogy

6. John Locke emphasized experience-based knowledge

7. Plato emphasized innate knowledge

8. Modern education uses epistemological principles

9. Knowledge acquisition is central to learning theories

10. PPSC often links epistemology with educational objectives