Decisions are made by the leader after consultation of selected colleagues in:

Decisions are made by the leader after consultation of selected colleagues in: Options: (a) Democratic Model (b) Mushawarti Model (c) Authoritarian Model (d) Laissez Faire Model ✅ Correct Option: (b) Mushawarti Model Explanation: The Mushawarti Model of leadership is based on consultation (Mashwara) with selected colleagues before making decisions. In this model, the leader does not act unilaterally like in an authoritarian model, nor does he involve everyone equally as in a fully democratic model. Instead, the leader consults experienced, knowledgeable, or relevant staff members, considers their opinions, and then makes the final decision. In school administration, a headmaster may consult senior teachers, subject experts, or department heads regarding academic planning, discipline issues, or policy implementation. However, the ultimate authority and responsibility for the decision remain with the headmaster. This model balances participation and leadership authority, making it practical and culturally relevant in many educational systems, including Pakistan. The Mushawarti model promotes mutual respect, cooperation, and better decision quality while avoiding delays caused by excessive consultation. It also enhances acceptance of decisions among staff because they feel valued and heard. Related 10 PPSC Facts: 1. Mushawarat means consultation. 2. Leader retains final authority. 3. Selected experts are consulted. 4. Improves decision quality. 5. Encourages cooperation. 6. Reduces resistance to decisions. 7. Suitable for schools. 8. Balances democracy and authority. 9. Culturally significant in Pakistan. 10. Enhances trust in leadership.