Curriculum means all those activities which are provided inside or outside the school in order to predetermined goal was defined by:
Curriculum means all those activities which are provided inside or outside the school in order to predetermined goal was defined by:
Options:
(a) Albert
(b) Stanley
(c) Taylor
(d) Kerr
✅ Correct Answer:
(d) Kerr
Explanation:
Ralph W. Tyler and John Kerr were pioneers in curriculum theory, but Kerr (1968) defined curriculum as “all the experiences learners have under the guidance of the school to achieve predetermined goals”. It includes formal classroom instruction, extracurricular activities, and experiences outside school, all aimed at holistic development.
Kerr’s definition emphasizes that curriculum is not limited to subjects or textbooks, but encompasses co-curricular and extra-curricular learning experiences, designed to meet educational objectives. This concept is fundamental in education, curriculum planning, and pedagogy, and is frequently tested in PPSC curriculum and educational management questions.
10 Related Facts:
- Kerr defined curriculum broadly.
- Includes inside and outside school activities.
- Aims at predetermined educational goals.
- Supports holistic student development.
- Not limited to textbooks.
- Includes co-curricular and extracurricular activities.
- Guides teaching and learning experiences.
- Basis for curriculum planning.
- Related to Tyler’s objective-oriented approach.
- Frequently asked in PPSC curriculum development MCQs.