Aggression is an act that:

Aggression is an act that: (a) Causes pain or anxiety (b) Hostile wish or the affect of anger (c) Both (a) & (b) (d) None ✅ Correct Option: (c) Both (a) & (b) Explanation: Aggression in psychology is defined as any behavior intended to harm another individual, either physically or psychologically. This harm may take the form of physical pain, emotional distress, fear, or anxiety. Therefore, aggression is not limited to physical violence alone; verbal abuse, threats, and hostile gestures are also considered aggressive acts. Aggression is closely linked with hostile intentions and the emotion of anger. While anger is an internal emotional state, aggression is its external behavioral expression. Many psychologists agree that aggression arises when hostile wishes are acted upon. According to frustration–aggression theory, blocked goals often produce anger, which can then lead to aggressive behavior. In educational and clinical psychology, aggression is studied to understand behavioral disorders, classroom misbehavior, delinquency, and social conflict. Aggression may be instrumental (used as a means to achieve a goal) or hostile (driven purely by anger). Since aggression involves both the experience of anger and the causing of pain or anxiety, both statements are correct. This conceptual clarity makes this question a common PPSC MCQ, especially under social and abnormal psychology. 10 PPSC-Relevant Facts: 1. Aggression involves intent to harm. 2. Harm may be physical or psychological. 3. Anger is an emotional component of aggression. 4. Aggression is a behavior, not an emotion. 5. Frustration can cause aggression. 6. Verbal aggression is also aggression. 7. Instrumental aggression is goal-oriented. 8. Hostile aggression is emotion-driven. 9. Studied in social psychology. 10. Common topic in applied psychology MCQs.