According to Scriven, forms of curriculum evaluation are:

According to Scriven, forms of curriculum evaluation are:

Options:

(a) Formative evaluation

(b) Summative evaluation

(c) Both (a) & (b)

(d) None

✅ Correct Option: (c) Both (a) & (b)

Explanation:

Michael Scriven introduced two important types of evaluation: Formative and Summative. Formative evaluation is conducted during the instructional process to improve teaching and learning. Summative evaluation occurs at the end to assess overall effectiveness. Both are essential for curriculum improvement; therefore, the correct answer is both (a) and (b).

10 Related PPSC Facts:

Scriven introduced evaluation types Formative improves process Summative judges outcomes Continuous assessment Feedback mechanism Quality assurance Curriculum refinement Learning improvement Educational accountability PPSC favorite