According to Ibn-e-Khaldun:

According to Ibn-e-Khaldun: (a) Revealed teachings must be believed for understanding reality (b) The chief aim of education is acquaintance with reality (c) Sensations are the first level of knowledge (d) All above ✅ Correct Option: (d) All above Explanation: Ibn-e-Khaldun developed a systematic epistemology that combines revelation, reason, and experience. He believed that revealed knowledge (Wahi) must be accepted to understand ultimate realities that lie beyond human senses, such as metaphysical truths. However, he did not reject rational inquiry; instead, he harmonized faith with reason. According to him, the chief aim of education is to enable humans to understand reality—both physical and metaphysical. Education should guide learners toward truth, wisdom, and correct understanding of the world and society. Ibn-e-Khaldun also identified sensations as the first stage of knowledge. Learning begins with sensory experience, followed by imagination, intellect, and finally wisdom. This view closely resembles modern cognitive development theories. Since all three statements correctly reflect his philosophy of knowledge and education, the correct answer is “All above.” 10 PPSC-Relevant Facts: 1. Ibn-e-Khaldun integrated faith and reason. 2. Knowledge begins with senses. 3. Revelation explains metaphysical truth. 4. Education aims at reality. 5. Sensory perception is primary. 6. Intellect develops gradually. 7. Epistemology is central to his philosophy. 8. Learning follows stages. 9. Reason alone is insufficient. 10. Popular PPSC MCQ topic.