Academic subject matter was strongly recommended by:

Academic subject matter was strongly recommended by:

(a) Progressivism

(b) Essentialism

(c) Reconstructionism

(d) Perennialism

✅ Correct Option:

(d) Perennialism

Explanation:

Perennialism strongly recommends academic subject matter because it believes in the existence of eternal and universal truths. These truths are best transmitted through classical academic disciplines such as philosophy, logic, mathematics, literature, and science. Perennialists argue that human nature is constant; therefore, education should focus on timeless knowledge rather than changing social needs. The Great Books and traditional academic subjects form the core curriculum. Progressivism emphasizes experience, reconstructionism emphasizes social change, and essentialism focuses on basic skills. However, perennialism uniquely prioritizes deep academic study and intellectual training.

10 PPSC-Relevant Facts:

1. Perennialism focuses on eternal truths

2. Academic rigor emphasized

3. Great Books curriculum

4. Teacher-centered philosophy

5. Intellectual discipline stressed

6. Fixed curriculum

7. Rational thinking valued

8. Minimal vocational training

9. Rooted in classical philosophy

10. PPSC frequently tests this