A student participates frequently and enthusiastically in class question-and-answer sessions. From the viewpoint of behavioral theory, one can confidently conclude that the student is motivated to
A student participates frequently and enthusiastically in class question-and-answer sessions. From the viewpoint of behavioral theory, one can confidently conclude that the student is motivated to
Options:
(a) Increase learning of the subject
(b) Obtain recognition from the teacher
(c) Demonstrate knowledge to classmates
(d) Answer or ask questions
✅ Correct Option: (d) Answer or ask questions
Explanation (200+ words):
According to behavioral theory, motivation is understood in terms of observable behavior rather than internal thoughts or feelings. Behaviorists such as B.F. Skinner emphasize that behavior is shaped and maintained by reinforcement. From this viewpoint, we can only make conclusions about what a person is motivated to do based on what we can directly observe. In this case, the observable behavior is frequent and enthusiastic participation in class question-and-answer sessions. Behavioral theory does not allow us to confidently infer internal motives such as desire for learning, recognition, or showing knowledge because these are unobservable mental states. The only conclusion that can be made with certainty is that the student is motivated to engage in the behavior itself—asking and answering questions. The student’s participation may be reinforced by praise, attention, good grades, or positive feedback from the teacher. These reinforcers increase the likelihood that the student will continue participating. Behavioral theory avoids speculation about intentions and focuses strictly on stimulus-response relationships and reinforcement patterns. Therefore, from a behavioral perspective, the safest and most accurate conclusion is that the student is motivated to answer or ask questions, since that is the behavior being consistently demonstrated.
10 Related PPSC Facts:
Behavioral theory focuses on observable behavior. Internal motives are not emphasized. Reinforcement strengthens behavior. Motivation is inferred from actions. Skinner is a key behaviorist. Praise acts as positive reinforcement. Behavior repeats if reinforced. Learning is stimulus-response based. Participation is an observable act. Behaviorism avoids mental explanations.