A sequencing effect where performance is influenced by prior treatment is called

A sequencing effect where performance is influenced by prior treatment is called (a) Counterbalancing effect

(b) Carryover effect

(c) Treatment effect

(d) Order effect

✅ Correct option: (b) Carryover effect

Explanation:

Carryover effects occur when the effects of one treatment persist and influence performance in subsequent treatment conditions. This is common in repeated measures designs where treatments are administered sequentially. For example, learning from the first condition may enhance performance in later conditions. Counterbalancing and washout periods help reduce carryover effects. Order effects are broader, while carryover effects specifically involve residual influence.

10 Related PPSC Facts:

Carryover occurs in repeated measures. Residual effects distort results. Washout periods reduce carryover. Counterbalancing controls sequencing. Carryover threatens internal validity. Learning effects cause carryover. Fatigue may also carry over. Between-subject designs avoid carryover. Drug studies face carryover issues. Proper design minimizes carryover effects.