A researcher uses a coin toss to assign subjects to a group is using:
A researcher uses a coin toss to assign subjects to a group is using:
Options:
(a) significant assignment
(b) random assignment
(c) contextual assignment
(d) descriptive assignment
✅ Correct Option: (b) random assignment
Explanation (200+ words):
Random assignment involves placing subjects into groups using chance procedures, such as a coin toss. This ensures that each participant has an equal probability of being assigned to any group, reducing bias and increasing the internal validity of experimental research. Random assignment is essential in experimental designs to ensure that differences between groups are due to the independent variable rather than pre-existing differences among participants. It is distinct from random sampling, which pertains to selecting participants from the population. Coin tossing, lotteries, or computer-generated random numbers are common methods. This concept is crucial for PPSC research methodology questions, as it demonstrates the foundation of causal inference in experiments.
10 Related Facts:
Ensures unbiased group assignment. Improves internal validity. Different from random sampling. Essential in experimental research. Reduces confounding variables. Methods include coin toss, lotteries. Randomization balances known/unknown factors. Supports causal conclusions. Widely used in education research. Frequently asked in PPSC exams.