A headmaster as a leader’s sources of influence can be:

A headmaster as a leader’s sources of influence can be: Options: (a) Referent power, Expert power, Coercive power (b) Referent power, Legitimate power (c) A & B (d) None ✅ Correct Option: (c) A & B Explanation: A headmaster, as an educational leader, derives influence from multiple sources of power, both formal and informal. According to leadership theory, power is the ability to influence others’ behavior to achieve organizational goals. In a school setting, a headmaster exercises referent power through personal traits such as integrity, personality, and respect. Teachers follow such leaders willingly because they admire and trust them. Expert power comes from professional knowledge, experience, and competence. When a headmaster demonstrates strong instructional leadership and administrative skills, teachers naturally accept guidance. Legitimate power is derived from the official position held by the headmaster, giving lawful authority to assign duties and make decisions. Coercive power, although not desirable in modern education, may be used to enforce discipline and ensure compliance with rules. Therefore, both option (a) and (b) correctly describe valid sources of a headmaster’s influence. Effective leadership lies in balancing these powers, emphasizing expert and referent power rather than coercion. Related 10 PPSC Facts: 1. Power influences behavior. 2. Referent power is personality-based. 3. Expert power comes from knowledge. 4. Legitimate power is position-based. 5. Coercive power enforces discipline. 6. Educational leadership prefers soft power. 7. Influence improves school effectiveness. 8. Authority alone is insufficient. 9. Respect increases compliance. 10. Balanced power ensures harmony.